| 4. Heat |
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| In addition to providing
light, fire also gives off heat. The word hearth, place
where fire is made, and, by extension, home, comes from
the Old Norse word for fire, hyrr. The hearth
was the usual place for family gatherings. In the Scandinavian
countries they invented the stove to heat the home, an
idea that spread rapidly, using different fuels: wood,
heating oil, kerosene or natural gas. Heat is a form of
energy that we use, for example, to warm ourselves and
to cook. |
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| Using conditionals. Forming hypotheses is
a very important thinking skill. When we search for possible explanations
for facts, we make hypotheses. And when we verify a hypothesis,
it becomes an explanation of how things happen. Hypotheses are
expressed as conditional statements. A conditional statement is
in turn made up of two phrases: one expresses the condition and
the other the consequence. The condition is often introduced with
the word “if”; the consequence with the word “then”. |
| Complete the following conditional statements: |
| 1. |
If we hold a plastic object to a flame, then......... |
| 2. |
If we boil water, then......... |
| 3. |
If we hold an ice cube in our hand, then......... |
| 4. |
If we apply heat to a bit of wax, then......... |
| 5. |
If we put an inflated balloon near a fire, then......... |
| 6. |
If we want to prevent sunstroke,
then......... |
| 7. |
If we want to measure the temperature
of a room, then......... |
| 8. |
If we want to eat roast instead
of raw chicken, then......... |
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Music. Listen to By the Fireplace
from Children’s Scenes by Robert Schumann. Close your
eyes and imagine that it is a winter evening and we are warming ourselves
by the hearth. |
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| Painting. Jacobus
Vrel, 1654-1662. Interior
with Seated Woman. |
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| © Grup IREF 2003, with the support of the European Commission, DG XXII (Socrates/Comenius 3.2) |
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